We are pleased to share the latest report from our ongoing research project examining Czech public attitudes toward Israel, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and Czech-Israeli relations in the context of the October 7, 2023 Hamas attacks and the subsequent war between Hamas and Israel in Gaza. The project is conducted by the Herzl Center for Israel Studies in December 2025 in cooperation with the polling agency STEM on a representative sample of 1,014 respondents from the Czech population aged 18 and above. The report also compares these findings with earlier survey waves from 2023 and 2024.

Executive Summary

• The findings suggest that Czech public opinion toward Israel remains relatively stable. Although interest in Israel and the conflict increased significantly after October 7, many respondents continue to express uncertainty or neutral positions on foreign policy issues related to the Middle East.

• Czech society remains divided over the Israeli military operation in Gaza. Around 30 % of respondents approved of the operation, while nearly 40 % disapproved. A large proportion of respondents, however, stated that they did not know how to evaluate the conflict. Similarly, public opinion was split on whether the Israeli operation had gone too far or was proportionate to the circumstances.

• Despite these divisions, pro-Israeli attitudes remain more pronounced than pro-Palestinian ones. In late 2025, 60 % of respondents expressed greater agreement with Israeli demands following October 7, while only 18 % agreed more with Palestinian demands. Sympathy toward Israelis also remained significantly stronger than sympathy toward Palestinians.

• Compared to 2024, the number of neutral responses declined substantially. The findings therefore suggest that the prolonged war in Gaza gradually led to more clearly formed opinions, with pro-Israeli positions remained considerably stronger overall.

• The two-state solution continues to be the preferred outcome of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict among Czech respondents, supported by approximately 43 % of the population. Alternative military or maximalist solutions remain marginal.

• Support for the international recognition of Palestine as an independent state has gradually increased and reached approximately 35 % in 2025. Nevertheless, a very high proportion of respondents still report not having a clear opinion on the issue.

• Czech respondents generally continue to evaluate Czech-Israeli relations positively, although the share of respondents expressing a clear opinion declined slightly compared to 2024. Diplomatic, research, and economic cooperation with Israel are viewed most positively by the Czech public.

• Support for moving the Czech embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem remains relatively low and stable over time, while a majority of respondents continue to report that they do not have a clear opinion on the issue.

• The findings reveal a clear political divide in attitudes toward Israel and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Supporters of the SPOLU coalition consistently express the most positive attitudes toward Israel, the Israeli military operation in Gaza, and Czech-Israeli relations. More critical or ambivalent positions are visible among voters of Stačilo!, SPD, and Motoristé sobě, while ANO voters are characterized primarily by a high level of indecision and neutral responses. Liberal voters of STAN and the Pirates generally remain supportive of Israel, although less strongly than SPOLU supporters, and they are also more open to recognizing Palestine as an independent state.

• Significant age and gender differences also emerge across the survey. Younger women, particularly those aged 18–29, express the most critical attitudes toward the Israeli military operation in Gaza and display the lowest levels of support for Israeli actions. Men generally express more supportive attitudes toward Israel, especially in older age groups, where support for the Israeli operation is considerably higher. Younger men, however, are noticeably more critical and closer in their attitudes to younger women than to older male respondents.

You can download the full report (in Czech) here.